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dc.contributor.advisorGonzalez-Correa, Clara Helena
dc.contributor.authorMuñoz Perez, Diana María
dc.date.accessioned2024-04-25T00:04:54Z
dc.date.available2024-04-25T00:04:54Z
dc.date.issued2024-04-24
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.ucaldas.edu.co/handle/ucaldas/19870
dc.descriptionTablas, figuras, estadísticas, gráficas.spa
dc.description.abstractLa obesidad es una enfermedad crónica, causada por un desequilibrio entre la ingesta y el gasto energético, con una subsecuente acumulación de grasa que puede ser perjudicial para la salud. En el 2016 se reportaron a nivel mundial, más de 1.250 millones de personas mayores de 18 años con sobrepeso y más de 650 millones eran obesas, este problema de salud pública, es un factor de riesgo importante para el desarrollo de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. El vínculo entre la obesidad y estas enfermedades es una inflamación crónica de bajo grado, que puede detectarse a través de la expresión de genes proinflamatorios y de estrés oxidativo o, por alteraciones de vías metabólicas como la de señalización de insulina, homeostasis de glucosa, metabolismo lipídico y microbiota intestinal. Los cambios asociados a la obesidad pueden ser inducidos por un patrón de dieta occidental alta en grasas saturadas, azucares y alimentos procesados, por el contrario, una dieta basada en grasas saludables, granos enteros, alto contenido de frutas y verduras puede prevenirlos o disminuirlos. Objetivo: Evaluar en adultos obesos, el efecto de una dieta rica en frutas, verduras, granos enteros, aguacate y trucha sobre marcadores de inflamcion crónica de bajo grado como: el perfil lipídico, glicemia, insulinemia, expresión de genes proinflamatorios, de estrés oxidativo y microbiota intestinal, con el fin de mejorarlos. Metodología: 1. Revisión sistemática exploratoria, del efecto de distintas dietas sobre marcadores de inflamación identificando los mas evaluados. 2. Estudio preliminar paralelo, aleatorizado controlado y exploratorio para determinar el efecto postprandial de dos comidas; a 64 jóvenes sanos, del eje cafetero. 3. Para la evaluación del efecto de la dieta cafetera sobre el perfil lipídico, la glicemia y la insulinemia, además de la expresión génica, se incluyeron 44 adultos (34 mujeres y 10 hombres), con un índice de masa corporal igual o mayor 30 Kg/m2. A través de un diseño cruzado aleatorizado los participantes fueron sometidos a dos dietas, de 8 semanas cada una: la primera dieta – FAWGT-, por sus siglas en ingles, fue suplementada con frutas y verduras, aguacate, granos enteros y trucha; la segunda correspondio a la dieta usual de los participantes -UD-, por sus siglan en ingles, caracterizada por el consumo de grasas saturadas y carbohidratos procesados; se tomaron muestras en ayuno y en estado postprandial (4 horas) antes y después de cada intervención. 4. Para el análisis del efecto de la dieta sobre la microbiota intestinal, se realizó un estudio paralelo, controlado y aleatorizado con una submuestra de 29 mujeres, sometidas a una de las dos dietas durante 8 semanas (FAWGT n=17 y UD n=12). Se obtuvieron muestras de materia fecal antes y después de cada intervención. Todos los participantes firmaron un consentimiento informado; el protocolo de investigación fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética de la Universidad de Caldas y de la Clínica Comfamiliar y registrado en Clinical Trials.gov (NTC04920409). Resultados: 1. La revisión sistemática que incluyó 14 estudios con 1470 participantes arrojó que dietas ricas en ácidos grasos poliinsaturados reducen los niveles de proteína C reactiva y el consumo de una Dieta Mediterránea, enriquecida con aceite de oliva y nueces disminuye los niveles séricos de interleuquina 6 y de moléculas de adhesión endotelial, sin cambios en el factor de necrosis tumoral . 2. El consumo de una comida rica en carbohidratos complejos y baja en grasa no disminuyó la lipemia postprandial comparada con una comida rica en grasa y baja en carbohidratos. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron realizar ajustes para el estudio con participantes obesos 3. Después del consumo de la dieta FAWGT se encontró, en estado postprandial, un menor incremento de los niveles de insulina y triglicéridos y de la expresión de genes proinflamatorios (IL-6, IL 1B, NFKB1) y del gen NEF2L2 relacionado con estrés oxidativo. 4. Con la dieta FAWGT disminuyó la abundancia relativa de la familia Veillonellaceae y con la dieta usual disminuyó la abundancia relativa del genero Roseburia. Conclusiones: El consumo de una dieta suplementada con frutas, verduras, aguacate, granos enteros y trucha, mejora la microbiota intestinal y el proceso inflamatorio y de estrés oxidativo que se produce en estado postprandial, en adultos con obesidad y podría ser considerada una alternativa a otras dietas cardiosaludables.spa
dc.description.abstractObesity is a chronic disease caused by an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure, with a subsequent accumulation of fat that can be detrimental to health. In 2016 it was reported worldwide, more than 1.25 billion people over the age of 18 were overweight and more than 650 million were obese, this public health problem, is a major risk factor for the development of chronic non-communicable diseases. The link between obesity and these diseases is chronic low-grade inflammation, which can be detected through the expression of proinflammatory and oxidative stress genes or by alterations in metabolic pathways such as insulin signaling, glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism and intestinal microbiota. The changes associated with obesity can be induced by a Western dietary pattern high in saturated fats, sugars and processed foods, on the contrary, a diet based on healthy fats, whole grains, high content of fruits and vegetables can prevent or decrease them. Objective: To evaluate in obese adults, the effect of a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, avocado and trout on markers of low-grade chronic inflammation such as: lipid profile, glycemia, insulinemia, expression of proinflammatory genes, oxidative stress and intestinal microbiota in order to improve them. Methodology: 1. Exploratory systematic review of the effect of different diets on inflammation markers identifying the most evaluated ones. 2. Preliminary parallel, randomized controlled and exploratory study to determine the postprandial effect (4 hours) of two meals; 64 healthy young people, from the coffee-growing area. 3. For the evaluation of the effect of the coffee diet on the lipid profile, glycemia and insulinemia, in addition to gene expression, 44 adults (34 women and 10 men) with a body mass index equal to or greater than 30 kg/m2 were included. Through a randomized crossover design, the participants were submitted to two diets of 8 weeks each: the first diet - FAWGT - was supplemented with fruits and vegetables, avocado, whole grains and trout; the second corresponded to the usual diet of the participants -UD-, characterized by the consumption of saturated fats and processed carbohydrates; fasting and postprandial samples were taken before and after each intervention. 4. For the analysis of the effect of the diet on the intestinal microbiota, a parallel, controlled, and randomized study was carried out with a subsample of 29 women, subjected to one of the two diets for 8 weeks (FAWGT n=17 and UD n=12). Stool samples were obtained before and after each intervention. All participants signed an informed consent; the research protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Caldas and the Comfamiliar Clinic and registered in Clinical Trials.gov (NTC 04920409). Results: 1. The systematic review that included 14 studies with 1470 participants showed that: 1.1 Diets rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids reduce the levels of C-reactive protein. 1.2 The consumption of a Mediterranean diet, enriched with olive oil and walnuts decreases serum levels of interleukin 6 and endothelial adhesion molecules, without changes in tumor necrosis factor . 2. The consumption of a meal rich in complex carbohydrates and low in fat did not decrease postprandial lipemia compared with a meal rich in fat and low in carbohydrates. The results obtained allowed adjustments to be made for the study with obese participants. 3. After consumption of the FAWGT diet, a decrease in insulin and triglyceride concentrations and in the expression of proinflammatory genes (IL-6, IL 1B, NFKB1) and of the NEF2L2 gene related to oxidative stress. 4. The FAWGT diet decreased the relative abundance of the Veillonellaceae family, and the usual diet decreased the relative abundance of Roseburia genus. Conclusions: The consumption of a diet supplemented with fruits, vegetables, avocado, whole grains, and trout, improves the intestinal microbiota and the inflammatory process and oxidative stress that occurs in postprandial state, in adults with obesity and could be considered an alternative to other heart-healthy diets.eng
dc.description.tableofcontentsINTRODUCCIÓN /OBJETIVOS /OBJETIVO GENERAL/ OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS /ESQUEMA DE LA TESIS /CAPITULO I: EFFECT OF DIETARY INTERVENTION ON INFLAMMATORY AND ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION MARKERS IN ADULTS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW / CAPITULO II: POSTPRANDIAL LIPID PROFILE IN YOUNG COLOMBIAN PEOPLE. A COMPARISON OF TWO BREAKFASTS /CAPITULO III: ALTERNATIVE FOODS IN CARDIO-HEALTHY DIETARY MODELS THAT IMPROVE POSTPRANDIAL LIPEMIA AND INSULINEMIA IN OBESE PEOPLE /CAPITULO IV: EFFECT OF THE 8 WEEKS’ CONSUMPTION OF A DIETARY PATTERN BASED ON FRUITS, AVOCADO, WHOLE GRAINS, AND TROUT ON POSTPRANDIAL INFLAMMATORY AND OXIDATIVE STRESS GENE-EXPRESSION IN OBESE PEOPLE: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL /CAPITULO V: EFECTO DE UNA DIETA RICA EN FRUTAS, VERDURAS, AGUACATE, GRANOS ENTEROS Y TRUCHA SOBRE LA MICROBIOTA INTESTINAL DE MUJERES CON OBESIDAD/CAPITULO VI: DISCUSIÓN /LIMITACIONES /REFERENCIAS /CAPITULO VII: CONCLUSIONES GENERALES Y RECOMENDACIONES/CONCLUSIONES /RECOMENDACIONES /ACTIVIDADES COMPLEMENTARIAS DURANTE LA FORMACION DOCTORAL/ANEXOS.spa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.titleEFECTO DE UNA DIETA SALUDABLE SOBRE EL PERFIL LIPÍDICO, GLICEMIA, INSULINEMIA, EXPRESION DE GENES PROINFLAMATORIOS, DE ESTRÉS OXIDATIVO Y MICROBIOTA INTESTINAL, EN ADULTOS CON OBESIDAD ORIUNDOS DE LA REGION CAFETERA COLOMBIANA.​.​spa
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Doctoradospa
dc.contributor.researchgroupNutrición, Metabolismo y Seguridad Alimentaria (Categoría B)spa
dc.description.degreelevelDoctoradospa
dc.description.notesESQUEMA DE LA TESIS Capítulo I: artículo de revisión sistemática titulado “Effect of Dietary Intervention on Inflammatory and Endothelial Dysfunction Markers in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review” que establece la relación entre distintos patrones dietarios y la inflamación crónica de bajo grado a través de la evaluación del cambio en las concentraciones de TNF α, IL 6, proteína C reactiva (PCR), después de una intervención dietaría. Capítulo II: artículo de investigación: “Postprandial lipid profile in young colombian people. A comparison of two breakfasts” en el cual se evaluó el efecto agudo de dos desayunos isocalóricos sobre la lipemia postprandial, que fue un insumo para el desarrollo del segundo objetivo de la tesis. Capítulo III: artículo titulado: “Alternative Foods in Cardio-Healthy Dietary Models That Improve Postprandial Lipemia and Insulinemia in Obese People” que aborda el tercer objetivo de la tesis. Capítulo IV: artículo denominado “Effect of 8 weeks of consumption of a dietary pattern based on fruits, avocado, whole grains and trout on postprandial inflammatory and oxidative stress gene-expression in obese people”, producto del objetivo 4 de esta tesis. Capitulo V: articulo denominado “ Capitulo VI: discusion general. Capitulo VII: conclusiones y recomendaciones. Adicionalmente, se detallan las actividades complementarias realizadas durante la formación doctoral.spa
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad de Caldasspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad de Caldasspa
dc.identifier.repourlrepositorio.ucaldas.edu.cospa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ciencias para la Saludspa
dc.publisher.placeManizalesspa
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.subject.proposalObesidadspa
dc.subject.proposalDietaspa
dc.subject.proposalInflamacioneng
dc.subject.proposalEstrés oxidativoeng
dc.subject.proposalInsulinemiaeng
dc.subject.proposalGlicemiaeng
dc.subject.proposalPerfil Lipidicoeng
dc.subject.proposalExpresión génicaeng
dc.subject.proposalMicrobiota intestinaleng
dc.subject.unescoCiencias Biomédicas
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06spa
dc.type.contentTextspa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisspa
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionspa
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aaspa
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2spa
dc.description.degreenameDoctor(a) en Ciencias Biomédicasspa
dc.publisher.programDoctorado en Ciencias Biomédicasspa
dc.description.researchgroupAlimentación Saludablespa
dc.rights.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2spa


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