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Influencia de la posición del frente húmedo en la generación de movimientos en masa en formaciones superficiales de la microcuenca de la quebrada El Perro del municipio de Manizales, Colombia.
dc.contributor.advisor | Peters, Graciela | |
dc.contributor.author | Cano Bedoya, Santiago | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-08-19T14:26:26Z | |
dc.date.available | 2021-08-19T14:26:26Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2021-08-18 | |
dc.identifier.uri | https://repositorio.ucaldas.edu.co/handle/ucaldas/16972 | |
dc.description | Ilustraciones, gráficas | spa |
dc.description.abstract | spa: El concepto “frente húmedo” hace referencia al lugar que divide la zona saturada del suelo de la que no está; es decir la zona por encima del nivel freático en donde la saturación se debe a la infiltración de agua posterior a un episodio de precipitación (Organización Meteorológica Mundial, 2012), este ocasiona fenómenos de inestabilidad de laderas, en especial cuando se encuentran superficies de contacto entre suelos. Hasta ahora en la ciudad, se ha considerado al nivel de aguas freáticas (NAF) como el único responsable del problema; sin embargo, aunque claramente el NAF influye en la inestabilidad de las laderas, no es el único factor contribuyente de movimientos en masa. Específicamente, en la microcuenca de la quebrada El Perro existen contactos entre suelos residuales tanto de depósitos de caída piroclástica, como de la Formación Manizales y el Complejo Quebradagrande, lo que permite hacer comparaciones entre diferentes superficies de contacto, por lo que se presenta un análisis de la influencia del frente húmedo en la generación de movimientos en masa tomando en cuenta las diferentes superficies de contacto posibles. La metodología comprendió la caracterización geológica y geotécnica de los suelos de caída piroclástica y los suelos residuales de las unidades litoestratigráficas de la microcuenca de la quebrada El Perro de Manizales, específicamente en las superficies de contacto ceniza volcánica – suelo residual, ceniza volcánica – ceniza volcánica y suelo residual – roca fresca. Además, se incluye la definición de la pluviosidad precedente y la tasa de infiltración que ocasiona que el frente húmedo alcance las superficies de contacto. Se obtuvieron resultados relacionados con las propiedades geomecánicas de los materiales, el mapa de unidades de geología para ingeniería, la caracterización de la lluvia, el cálculo de velocidades de infiltración y las lluvias precedentes para movimientos en masa. La discusión se orienta a determinar la influencia del frente húmedo en la inestabilidad de laderas con base en las superficies de contacto identificadas lo que permitió una orientación a mejorar los sistemas de alerta temprana por movimientos en masa en Manizales. Se observó que, en orden, las superficies de contacto más inestables son: Depósitos de caída piroclástica – suelo residual de la Formación Casabianca, suelo residual del Complejo Quebradagrande – Complejo Quebradagrande, depósitos de caída piroclástica – suelo residual del Complejo Quebradagrande, depósitos de caída piroclástica – suelo residual de la Formación Manizales. Con base en lo anterior se han recomendado nuevos umbrales de lluvia que sirvan alerta temprana con base en el tipo de cobertura y el tipo de suelo que se encuentre más superficial. | spa |
dc.description.abstract | eng: The concept "wetting front" refers to the place that divides the saturated area of the soil from the one that is not there; that is, the area above the water table where saturation is due to water infiltration after an episode of precipitation (World Meteorological Organization, 2012), this causes phenomena of slope instability, especially when there are contact surfaces between strata. So far in the city, the groundwater level (NAF, by its spanish abreviation) has been considered the only responsible for the problem; however, although NAF clearly influences slope instability, it is not the only factor contributing to mass movements. Specifically, in the El Perro micro-basin there are contacts between residual soils of both pyroclastic deposits, as well as the Manizales Formation and the Quebradagrande Complex, which allows comparisons between different contact surfaces, for which an analysis of the influence of the wetting front in the generation of mass movements is presented taking into account the different possible contact surfaces. The methodology included the geological and geotechnical characterization of the soils of pyroclastic deposits and the residual soils of the lithostratigraphic units of the El Perro micro-basin, specifically in the contact surfaces of volcanic ash - residual soil, residual soil – residual soil and residual soil – parental rock. In addition, it includes the definition of the preceding rainfall and the infiltration rate that causes the wetting front to reach the contact surfaces. Results were obtained related to the geomechanical properties of the materials, the map of geology units for engineering, the characterization of the rainfall, the calculation of infiltration speeds and the preceding rains for mass movements. The discussion is aimed at determining the influence of the wetting front on slope instability based on the contact surfaces identified, which allowed an orientation to improve early warning systems for mass movements in Manizales. It was observed that, in order, the most unstable contact surfaces are: Pyroclastic fall deposits - residual soil from the Casabianca Formation, residual soil from the Quebradagrande Complex - Quebradagrande Complex, pyroclastic fall deposits - residual soil from the Quebradagrande Complex, fall deposits pyroclastic - residual soil of the Manizales Formation. Based on the above, new rain thresholds have been recommended to serve early warning based on the type of cover and the type of soil that is more superficial. | eng |
dc.description.tableofcontents | Contenido 1. Introducción/ 1.1. Objetivos / 1.1.1. General/ 1.1.2. Específicos / 2. Marco geológico/ 2.1. Geología regional/ 2.2. Geología local / 2.2.1. Geología Estructural/ 2.2.2. Descripción litológica/3. Marco geomorfológico/ 3.1. Geomorfoestructura / 3.2. Provincia geomorfológica/ 3.3. Región geomorfológica / 3.4. Unidad Geomorfológica/ 3.4.1. Unidad geomorfológica estructural / 3.4.2. Unidad geomorfológica denudacional/ 3.4.3. Unidad geomorfológica fluvial/ 3.5. Subunidad Geomorfológica/ 3.5.1. Subunidades geomorfológicas estructurales / 3.5.2. Subunidades geomorfológicas denudacionales / 3.5.3. Subunidades geomorfológicas fluviales/ 3.6. Componente Geomorfológico / 3.6.1. Componentes geomorfológicos estructurales/ 3.6.2. Componentes geomorfológicos denudacionales / 3.6.3. Componentes geomorfológicos fluviales / 3.7. Mapa geomorfológico/ 4. Marco hidrológico-hidráulico / 5. Fundamento teórico / 5.1. Frente húmedo/ 5.1.1. Definición y consideraciones generales/ 5.1.2. Conceptos elementales para la comprensión del comportamiento del frente húmedo / 5.1.3. Factores que gobiernan la estabilidad del frente húmedo / 5.1.4. Modelos que estiman el comportamiento del frente húmedo / 5.1.5. Pruebas para analizar las características del frente húmedo / 5.2. Inestabilidad de laderas por efecto del agua/ 5.2.1. Efectos de la vegetación/ 5.3. Inestabilidad de laderas en suelos piroclásticos / 5.4. Inestabilidad de laderas en suelos residuales/ 6. Metodología / 6.1. Etapa 1: Caracterización geológico-geotécnica de los materiales involucrados/ 6.1.1. Extracción de muestras / 6.1.2. Ensayos de laboratorio / 6.1.3. Complemento de los ensayos de laboratorio/ 6.1.4. Mapa de Unidades de Geología para Ingeniería (UGI) / 6.1.5. Modelo geológico-geotécnico / 6.2. Etapa 2: Análisis pluviométricos para la identificación de velocidades de infiltración que potencialmente ocasionan inestabilidad de laderas/ 6.2.1. Análisis multitemporal de movimientos en masa / 6.2.2. Procesamiento y análisis de información pluviométrica/ 6.2.3. Cálculo y análisis de la infiltración / 6.2.4. Análisis del frente húmedo / 6.2.5. Cálculo de factores de seguridad/7. Resultados / 7.1. Conceptualización geotécnica/ 7.1.1. Propiedades geomecánicas de los materiales / 7.1.2. Mapa de unidades de geología para ingeniería/ 7.2. Conceptualización hidrológica/ 7.2.1. Caracterización de la lluvia/ 7.2.2. Cálculo de las velocidades de infiltración / 7.2.3. Lluvias precedentes para los movimientos en masa / 8. Discusión/ 8.1. Análisis de la influencia del frente húmedo / 8.2. Aplicación en la gestión del riesgo de desastres de Manizales/ 8.2.1. Amenaza por movimientos en masa/ 8.2.2. Alertas tempranas/ 8.2.3. Estado en Manizales / 9. Conclusiones/ Referencias . | eng |
dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | spa |
dc.language.iso | eng | spa |
dc.language.iso | spa | spa |
dc.title | Influencia de la posición del frente húmedo en la generación de movimientos en masa en formaciones superficiales de la microcuenca de la quebrada El Perro del municipio de Manizales, Colombia. | spa |
dc.type | Trabajo de grado - Maestría | spa |
dc.description.degreelevel | Maestría | spa |
dc.identifier.instname | Universidad de Caldas | spa |
dc.identifier.reponame | Repositorio institucional Universidad de Caldas | spa |
dc.identifier.repourl | https://repositorio.ucaldas.edu.co/ | spa |
dc.publisher.faculty | Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales | spa |
dc.publisher.place | Manizales | spa |
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dc.rights.accessrights | info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess | spa |
dc.subject.lemb | Movimiento de tierras | |
dc.subject.lemb | Geología | |
dc.subject.lemb | Geomorfología | |
dc.subject.proposal | Frente húmedo | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Wetting front | eng |
dc.subject.proposal | Movimientos en masa | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Mass movements | eng |
dc.subject.proposal | Formaciones superficiales | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Shallow formations | eng |
dc.subject.proposal | Infiltración | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Infiltration | eng |
dc.type.coar | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc | spa |
dc.type.content | Text | spa |
dc.type.driver | info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis | spa |
dc.type.redcol | https://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM | spa |
dc.type.version | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion | spa |
oaire.version | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa | spa |
oaire.accessrights | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cb | spa |
dc.description.degreename | Magister en Ciencias de la Tierra | spa |
dc.publisher.program | Maestría en Ciencias de la Tierra | spa |