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dc.contributor.advisorDuque Vera, Iván Leonardo
dc.contributor.authorAlzate Mejía, Oscar Andrés
dc.date.accessioned2021-08-18T20:59:20Z
dc.date.available2021-08-18T20:59:20Z
dc.date.issued2021-05-24
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.ucaldas.edu.co/handle/ucaldas/16970
dc.descriptionIlustraciones, gráficasspa
dc.description.abstractspa: El consumo máximo de oxigeno (VO2max) es considerado en la actualidad el mejor método de cuantificación de la condición física del individuo. Las pruebas de aptitud cardiorrespiratoria son importantes para predecir el riesgo quirúrgico. Por su parte, la inactividad física puede contribuir a que ocurran imbalances en la respuesta inflamatoria. Diferentes mediadores inflamatorios parecen estar involucrados en la respuesta inflamatoria ante una cirugía mayor abdominal. De la misma manera, grados de obesidad moderados y severos podrían estar asociados a un aumento de la incidencia de complicaciones postoperatorias. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la condición física e inflamatoria de pacientes que se someterán a una cirugía mayor abdominal, el efecto de la cirugía sobre su condición física y la respuesta inflamatoria sistémica y comparar este efecto entre tres tipos de cirugías (ginecológica, gastrointestinal y bariátrica). Métodos. Investigación cuantitativa, cuasi experimental de tipo preprueba posprueba con un solo grupo. Muestra por conveniencia de pacientes sometidos a cirugía mayor abdominal en dos hospitales de la ciudad de Manizales (Colombia). Antes de su cirugía, se midió el IMC y se realizó un test de VO2max con control de frecuencia cardíaca y lactatemia máximas. El estado inflamatorio fue establecido mediante la cuantificación de citoquinas. Idénticas mediciones se realizaron cuatro semanas después del alta hospitalaria. Para el análisis de datos, los pacientes se agruparon de acuerdo al tipo de cirugía. Resultados. Inicialmente, fueron analizados los datos de 54 pacientes previos a una cirugía mayor abdominal, de los cuales 6 fueron hombres y 48 fueron mujeres. La edad promedio de hombres fue 41,8±14,0 y la de las mujeres 46,5±10,4 años. La evaluación posquirúrgica comprendió 34 pacientes, 4 fueron hombres y 30 fueron mujeres. La edad promedio de hombres fue de 43,5±6,0 y la de las mujeres 46,4±11,4 años. Antes de la cirugía el IMC fue significativamente mayor en los pacientes programados para cirugía bariátrica. Los pacientes programados para cirugía ginecológica y gastrointestinal demostraron sobrepeso y los programados para una cirugía bariátrica cursaron con obesidad mórbida. Los valores de VO2max medidos no demostraron diferencias significativas entre los grupos de cirugía. Se encontraron valores altos de IL-1 Ra y de BDNF los cuales tampoco tuvieron diferencias significativas entre los grupos. Después de la cirugía, se presentó diferencia significativa en los valores de IL-1 Ra entre los grupos de cirugías. El IMC, el VO2max y el BDNF, se comportaron similares al momento prequirúrgico. Al comparar los parámetros evaluados antes y después de una cirugía mayor abdominal, se encuentra que existe diferencia estadísticamente significativa en el IMC en la cirugía gastrointestinal y en la cirugía bariátrica. No se encontró diferencia en cuanto a los valores de VO2max. Existe diferencia estadísticamente significativa en los valores de IL-1 Ra antes y después de una cirugía ginecológica y bariátrica. En los valores de BDNF no se halló una diferencia significativa entre los grupos de cirugías. Discusión. Los pacientes que se someterán a cirugía mayor abdominal en dos hospitales de Manizales están físicamente desacondicionados. Los valores de VO2max medidos se mantuvieron similares antes y después de la cirugía mayor abdominal. Así mismo, no se encontró diferencias significativas entre los grupos de cirugía en cuanto a estos valores. El valor promedio de VO2max medido en esta investigación es bajo en todos los grupos de cirugías si se comparan con el valor mínimo esperado para sujetos sedentarios. Los pacientes programados para cirugía ginecológica y gastrointestinal demostraron sobrepeso y los programados para una cirugía bariátrica cursan con obesidad mórbida. Un mes después del alta hospitalaria, los pacientes siguieron demostrando los mismos niveles de obesidad. Sin embargo, los pacientes por este grado de obesidad no tuvieron complicaciones posoperatorias. No obstante, se puede asociar estos resultados con el desacondicionamiento físico relacionado con un bajo valor de VO2max. Antes y después de una cirugía mayor abdominal, se hallaron valores altos de IL-1 Ra y de BDNF. Al comparar el antes y el xiv después de la cirugía, existe diferencia significativa en valores de IL-1 Ra en las cirugías ginecológica y bariátrica. Se puede atribuir esta diferencia significativa a un fenómeno antiinflamatorio en los pacientes que se sometieron a estos procedimientos quirúrgicos abdominales. La presencia de IL-1RA también puede explicarse desde su acción en la obesidad, pues en ésta al estar elevada la leptina se induce la expresión y secreción de la IL-1 Ra. Así mismo y en cuanto a la presencia de altos niveles de BDNF, podrían asociarse con la obesidad de los pacientes tributarios de las cirugías.spa
dc.description.abstracteng: Maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) is currently considered the best method for quantifying the physical condition of the individual. Cardiorespiratory fitness tests are important in predicting surgical risk. On the other hand, physical inactivity can contribute to imbalances in the inflammatory response. Different inflammatory mediators appear to be involved in the inflammatory response to major abdominal surgery. In the same way, moderate and severe degrees of obesity could be associated with an increased incidence of postoperative complications. The objective of this study was to determine the physical and inflammatory condition of patients who will undergo major abdominal surgery, the effect of surgery on their physical condition and the systemic inflammatory response and to compare this effect between three types of surgeries (gynecological, gastrointestinal and bariatric). Methods. Quantitative, quasi-experimental, type pre-test post-test research with a single group. Convenience sample of patients undergoing major abdominal surgery in two hospitals in the city of Manizales (Colombia). Before his surgery, BMI was measured and a VO2max test was performed with control of maximum heart rate and lactatemia. The inflammatory state was established by quantification of cytokines. Identical measurements were made four weeks after hospital discharge. For data analysis, patients were grouped according to type of surgery. Results. Initially, the data of 54 patients prior to major abdominal surgery were analyzed, of which 6 were men and 48 were women. The mean age of men was 41.8 ± 14.0 and that of women 46.5 ± 10.4 years. The postsurgical evaluation included 34 patients, 4 were men and 30 were women. The mean age of men was 43.5 ± 6.0 and that of women 46.4 ± 11.4 years. Before surgery, BMI was significantly higher in patients scheduled for bariatric surgery. Patients scheduled for gynecological and gastrointestinal surgery were overweight and those scheduled for bariatric surgery were morbidly obese. The measured VO2max values did not show significant differences between the surgery groups. High IL-1 Ra and BDNF values were found, which also did not have significant differences between the groups. After surgery, there was a significant difference in IL-1 Ra values between the surgery groups. The BMI, the VO2max and the BDNF, behaved similar to the presurgical moment. When comparing the parameters evaluated before and after major abdominal surgery, it is found that there is a statistically significant difference in BMI in gastrointestinal surgery and in bariatric surgery. No difference was found in terms of VO2max values. There is a statistically significant difference in IL-1 Ra values before and after gynecological and bariatric surgery. In BDNF values, no significant difference was found between the surgery groups. Discussion. The patients who will undergo major abdominal surgery at two Manizales hospitals are physically unconditioned. The measured VO2max values remained similar before and after major abdominal surgery. Likewise, no significant differences were found between the surgery groups regarding these values. The average value of VO2max measured in this investigation is low in all surgery groups when compared with the minimum value expected for sedentary subjects. Patients scheduled for gynecological and gastrointestinal surgery were overweight and those scheduled for bariatric surgery were morbidly obese. One month after hospital discharge, the patients continued to demonstrate the same levels of obesity. However, patients due to this degree of obesity did not have postoperative complications. However, these results can be associated with physical deconditioning related to a low VO2max value. Before and after major abdominal surgery, high IL-1 Ra and BDNF values were found. When comparing before and after surgery, there is a significant difference in IL-1 Ra values in gynecological and bariatric surgeries. This significant difference can be attributed to an anti-inflammatory phenomenon in patients who underwent these abdominal surgical procedures. The presence of IL-1RA can also be explained by its action in obesity, since in obesity, as leptin is elevated, the expression and secretion of IL-1 Ra is induced. Likewise, and in terms of the presence of high levels of BDNF, they could be associated with obesity in patients receiving surgery.eng
dc.description.tableofcontentsResumen 1. Introducción/1 1.1 Problema de la investigación/ 1.2 Objetivos/ 1.2.1 Objetivo general/ 1.2.2 Objetivos específicos/ 1.3 Hipótesis/ 1.4 Justificación/ 2. Referente teórico/ 2.1 Condición física y salud/ 2.2 Capacidad cardiorrespiratoria (VO2max) / 2.3 Pruebas de esfuerzo cardiopulmonar/ 2.3.1 Ventajas de las pruebas de esfuerzo cardiopulmonar/ 2.4 Metabolismo de glucosa y umbral del lactato/ 2.5 Obesidad y cirugía/ 2.5.1 Clasificación de la obesidad/ 2.6 Consecuencias de la hospitalización en el sistema muscular/ 2.7 Respuesta inflamatoria, inactividad física y cirugía mayor abdominal/ 2.7.1 La IL-1 Ra su inhibición inflamatoria y su asociación con la leptina/ 2.7.2 BDNF, obesidad y actividad física/ 2.7.3 Citoquinas en cirugía mayor abdominal/ 2.7.4 Tecnología para medir citoquinas: inmunoensayo procartaplex Luminex/ 2.8 Sistema de clasificación de riesgo anestésico (ASA)/2.9 Prehabilitación/ 2.10 Antecedentes/ vi 3. Métodos/ 3.1 Tipo y diseño de investigación/ 3.2 Muestra del estudio/ 3.2.1 Selección de los participantes del estudio/ 3.2.2 Cirugías mayores abdominales consideradas en el estudio/ 3.3 Protocolo de evaluación y obtención de datos/ 3.3.1 Toma de muestra de sangre: parámetros inflamatorios/ 3.3.2 Peso, talla e índice de masa corporal (IMC) / 3.3.3 Consumo máximo de oxígeno (VO2max) / 3.3.4 Actividad eléctrica cardíaca y presión arterial/ 3.3.5 Lacta temía máxima/ 3.4 Análisis de datos/ 3.5 Consideraciones éticas/ 4. Resultados/ 4.1 Participantes del estudio/ 4.2 Resultados previos a la cirugía: IMC, perfil cardiorrespiratorio y de respuesta inflamatoria de pacientes tributarios de cirugía mayor abdominal/ 4.3 Comparación del VO2max obtenido con valores de referencia/ 4.4 Resultados postquirúrgicos: variación del IMC, del perfil cardiorrespiratorio y de respuesta inflamatoria después de un mes del alta hospitalaria/ 4.5 Comparación del IMC, del perfil cardiorrespiratorio y de respuesta inflamatoria antes y después de una cirugía mayor abdominal/ 5. Discusión/ 5.1 Pacientes tributarios de cirugía mayor abdominal se encuentran desacondicionados físicamente/ 5.2 Pacientes tributarios de cirugía mayor abdominal presentan sobrepeso y obesidad mórbida/ vii 5.3 Se propone el VO2max y el IMC como criterios específicos dentro de la clasificación ASA/ 5.4 IL-1 RA y BDNF se detectan en pacientes quirúrgicos abdominales/ 5.5 Fortalezas y debilidades del estudio. / 6. Conclusiones/ 7. Perspectivas y recomendaciones/ Socialización del proyecto doctoral/ Revisión de la literatura. / Referencias bibliográficas/ Anexos.spa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.language.isoengspa
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.titleEfectos de la cirugía mayor abdominal, sobre la condición física y la respuesta inflamatoriaspa
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Doctoradospa
dc.contributor.researchgroupBioimpedancia eléctrica (Categoría A)spa
dc.description.degreelevelDoctoradospa
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad de Caldasspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio institucional Universidad de Caldasspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.ucaldas.edu.co/spa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ciencias para la Saludspa
dc.publisher.placeManizalesspa
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessspa
dc.subject.lembCirugía
dc.subject.lembObesidad
dc.subject.proposalDesacondicionamiento físicospa
dc.subject.proposalCapacidad cardiorrespiratoriaspa
dc.subject.proposalObesidadspa
dc.subject.proposalRespuesta inflamatoriaspa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06spa
dc.type.contentTextspa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisspa
dc.type.redcolhttps://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TDspa
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionspa
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aaspa
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cbspa
dc.description.degreenameDoctor(a) en Ciencias Biomédicasspa
dc.publisher.programDoctorado en Ciencias Biomédicasspa
dc.description.researchgroupAcción física humanaspa


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