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dc.contributor.advisorNarváez Solarte, William
dc.contributor.authorTrejos, Diana María
dc.date.accessioned2023-03-31T00:40:20Z
dc.date.available2023-03-31T00:40:20Z
dc.date.issued2023-03-30
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.ucaldas.edu.co/handle/ucaldas/18884
dc.descriptionIlustracionesspa
dc.description.abstractspa:El soporte nutricional correctamente suministrado a los pacientes críticos es uno de los principales retos de la nutrición clínica. Los aspectos fisiopatológicos de los pacientes, y la calidad de los equipos de trabajo afectan el suministro enteral de la nutrición y deben ser objeto constante de estudio con el fin de brindar una adecuada atención nutricional. La disfunción gastrointestinal (DGI) se refiere al deterioro funcional del tracto gastro intestinal (TGI). La insuficiencia y la falla intestinal son la base de la DGI, e incluyen tanto la pérdida de la longitud intestinal, alteraciones en la motilidad y / o absorción, rupturas en la integridad de la mucosa, cambios en el microbioma, aumento de la presión intra-abdominal, alteraciones de la perfusión mesentérica, infecciones del TGI y otras consecuencias clínicas, la insuficiencia y falla intestinal, tienen como principal causa la presencia del síndrome de intestino corto, el cual conlleva todas las alteraciones mencionadas . Los síntomas y signos de la DGI son diversos, e incluyen náuseas, distensión abdominal, alteración de la motilidad gastrointestinal, intolerancia alimentaria y / o íleo. La DGI se presenta hasta en el 60% de los pacientes en las unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI), y de éstos, el 20% presenta hasta tres síntomas gastrointestinales por día. Esta sintomatología es la causa de que estos pacientes solo reciban aproximadamente la mitad de los requerimientos nutricionales estimados, y queden sometidos a riesgos de desnutrición aguda y complicaciones asociadas. La bioinformática como herramienta aplicada a la salud y la nutrición ha permitido ajustar manejos médicos y nutricionales según las necesidades de cada paciente. Su uso facilita la toma de decisiones objetivas y oportunas en el abordaje clínico de los pacientes, evidenciando de una forma práctica los pasos a seguir en el manejo de una situación determinada, como en el caso de la progresión del soporte nutricional, una necesidad crucial en la rehabilitación del paciente. Para la investigación presentada, se planteó el uso de un sistema experto (SE) para evaluar el suministro del soporte nutricional en pacientes críticos con insuficiencia y/o falla intestinal. Un SE es aquel que, mediante la emulación del proceso racional que personas expertas utilizarían para resolver problemas específicos, hace uso de conocimiento previo consignado en una computadora y diferentes algoritmos, para resolver problemáticas específicas. Las ventajas de desarrollar instrumentos bioinformáticos validados, que ayuden a minimizar la severidad de la insuficiencia y/o falla intestinal, es que contribuyen a mejorar la salud y calidad de vida de los pacientes, en procura de un mejor pronóstico de vida para estos mismos y su entorno familiar y social. Las deficiencias funcionales generadas por la DGI, pueden contribuir a la morbilidad del paciente y aumentar la estancia hospitalaria. Esta situación clínica puede agravarse y avanzar a una insuficiencia multiorgánica, llevando a un desenlace fatal, con un impacto económico significativo para los sistemas de salud. Es así como el objetivo principal de este estudio fue evaluar el desempeño de un sistema experto diseñado con base en las guías europeas de ESPEN (The European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, y ESICM (The European Society of Intensive Care Medicine) al ser aplicado en la toma de decisiones para el manejo del soporte nutricional en pacientes críticos con DGI. La metodología empleada para el desarrollo y evaluación del SE, incluyó dos fases de evaluación, la primera de las cuales fue realizada por medio de un cuestionario construido con metodología Delphi, aplicado a médicos residentes de las siguientes especialidades médicas: anestesiología, cirugía, cuidado intensivo, medicina interna y oncología. y la segunda fase, se desarrolló mediante la evaluación del uso del SE por parte del equipo de médicos tratantes frente a la atención de pacientes críticos con insuficiencia o falla intestinal. Dentro de los resultados encontrados se evidenció que el empleo del sistema experto permitió una mejor adherencia de los médicos a las guías de manejo médico y nutricional en estas patologías. Tanto el grupo de médicos residentes que diligenció el cuestionario apoyado por el sistema experto (P= 0,044), como el grupo de médicos que atendió pacientes con estas patologías apoyados en este sistema tuvieron resultados positivos, este último obtuvo disminución en el tiempo de inicio de la nutrición enteral 1,9 vs 1,2 días (P= 0,0001), y un mayor cumplimiento de las metas calóricas y proteicas respectivamente (P= 0,0001 en ambos casos). En los dos casos evaluados el sistema experto mejoró los resultados de manera significativa. El empleo de tecnologías de la información aplicadas a la nutrición y la medicina, facilita la toma de decisiones oportunas y objetivas. Las acciones que disminuyan la aparición de eventos adversos y mejoren los desenlaces clínicos en los pacientes, deben ser incluidas en los protocolos de manejo médico para contribuir a disminuir la morbimortalidad de estas patologías.spa
dc.description.abstracteng:Properly delivered nutritional support to critically ill patients is one of the major challenges of clinical nutrition. The pathophysiological aspects of patients, and the quality of the work teams affect the enteral supply of nutrition and must be constantly studied in order to provide adequate nutritional care. Gastrointestinal dysfunction (GID) refers to functional impairment of the gastrointestinal tract (GI). Intestinal insufficiency and failure are the basis of GID, and include loss of intestinal length, alterations in motility and / or absorption, ruptures in mucosal integrity, changes in the microbiome, increase in intra-abdominal pressure, alterations in mesenteric perfusion, TGI infections and other clinical consequences, intestinal insufficiency and failure, are mainly caused by the presence of short bowel syndrome, which entails all the aforementioned alterations. The symptoms and signs of GID are diverse, and include nausea, abdominal distension, impaired gastrointestinal motility, food intolerance, and / or ileus. GID occurs in up to 60% of patients in intensive care units (ICUs), and of these, 20% have up to three gastrointestinal symptoms per day. This symptomatology is the cause that these patients receive only about half of the estimated nutritional requirements, and are subject to risks of acute malnutrition and associated complications. Bioinformatics as a tool applied to health and nutrition has made it possible to adjust medical and nutritional management according to the needs of each patient. Its use facilitates the making of objective and timely decisions in the clinical approach of patients, evidencing in a practical way the steps to follow in the management of a given situation, as in the case of the progression of nutritional support, a crucial need in the rehabilitation of the patient. For the research presented, the use of an expert system (ES) was proposed to evaluate the supply of nutritional support in critical patients with intestinal insufficiency and/or failure. An ES is one that, by emulating the rational process that experts would use to solve specific problems, makes use of prior knowledge consigned to a computer and different algorithms, to solve specific problems. The advantages of developing validated bioinformatic instruments, which help to minimize the severity of intestinal insufficiency and/or failure, is that they contribute to improving the health and quality of life of patients, in search of a better prognosis of life for them and their family and social environment. Functional deficiencies generated by GID can contribute to patient morbidity and increase hospital stay. This clinical situation can worsen and progress to multi-organ insufficiency, leading to a fatal outcome, with a significant economic impact for health systems. This is how the main objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of an expert system designed based on the European guidelines of ESPEN (The European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism), and ESICM (The European Society of Intensive Care Medicine) when applied in decision-making for the management of nutritional support in critically ill patients with GID. The methodology used for the development and evaluation of the ES, included two phases of evaluation, the first of which was carried out by means of a questionnaire built with Delphi methodology, applied to resident physicians of the following medical specialties: anesthesiology, surgery, intensive care, internal medicine and oncology. And the second phase, was developed by evaluating the use of the ES by the team of treating physicians versus the care of critical patients with intestinal insufficiency or failure. Among the results found, it was evident that the use of the expert system allowed a better adherence of doctors to medical and nutritional management guidelines in these pathologies. Both the group of resident physicians who completed the questionnaire supported by the expert system (P= = 0.044) and the group of physicians who attended patients with these pathologies supported by this system had positive results, the latter obtained a decrease in the time of onset of enteral nutrition 1.9 vs 1.2 days (P= = 0.0001), and greater compliance with caloric and protein goals respectively (P= = 0.0001 in both cases). In the two cases evaluated, the expert system significantly improved the results. The use of information technologies applied to nutrition and medicine facilitates timely and objective decision-making. Actions that reduce the occurrence of adverse events and improve clinical outcomes in patients should be included in medical management protocols to help reduce the morbidity and mortality of these pathologies.eng
dc.description.tableofcontentsDedicatoria y agradecimientos / Contenido / Índice de tablas / Lista de abreviaciones / Resumen / Abstract / Introducción/ Aspectos éticos de la investigación /Aspectos metodológicos de la investigación / Hipótesis de investigación / Objetivo general / Plan de investigación/ Objetivos específicos/ Resultados/ Discusión / Pertinencia de la investigación con el Doctorado en ciencias Biomédicas / Pertinencia y relevancia de la investigación con la profesión de Nutrición y la Dietética / Pertinencia de la investigación con los retos del desarrollo tecnológico del país en el marco de los lineamientos de Ministerio de Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones / Relevancia de la investigación para los profesionales de la salud / Relevancia de la investigación para las instituciones prestadoras de servicios de salud/ Relevancia de la investigación para los pacientes / Referencias / Capítulo 1 /De la insuficiencia a la falla intestinal, un camino de doble sentido que cruza con la malnutrición / Capítulo 2 / Factores que afectan la meta calórica en pacientes de cuidados intensivos con insuficiencia o falla intestinal. Revisión sistemática / Capítulo 3 / Evaluación de un sistema experto en médicos residentes para el manejo nutricional de pacientes críticos con insuficiencia y falla intestinal/ Capítulo 4 / Evaluación de un sistema experto para el soporte nutricional enteral en pacientes críticos con disfunción gastrointestinal / Conclusiones generales/ Perspectivas y recomendaciones / Participación en eventos nacionales e internacionalesspa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.language.isoengspa
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.titleDiseño y evaluación de un sistema experto para el soporte nutricional de pacientes con insuficiencia o falla intestinalspa
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Doctoradospa
dc.contributor.researchgroupNutrición, Metabolismo y Seguridad Alimentaria (Categoría B)spa
dc.description.degreelevelDoctoradospa
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad de Caldasspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad de Caldasspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.ucaldas.edu.co/spa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ciencias para la Saludspa
dc.publisher.placeManizalesspa
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dc.relation.referencesBeltrán Cháidez Yazmín; Guadarrama Rosalinda, Arzate Hernández Giovanni, Flores Merino Miriam, Jaimes Alpizar Emigdio, Reyes Barretero Diana. et al. Construcción y validación de un cuestionario para medir función gastrointestinal en adul- tos. Nutr Clín Diet Hosp. 2020; 40(3):26-35 DOI: 10.12873/403 beltranspa
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dc.subject.proposalTecnologías biomédicasspa
dc.subject.proposalInsuficiencia intestinalspa
dc.subject.proposalFalla intestinalspa
dc.subject.proposalAplicaciones móvilesspa
dc.subject.proposalCuidado críticospa
dc.subject.unescoCiencias médicas
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dc.description.researchgroupDeterminación de requerimientos de nutrientesspa
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