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Análisis litofacial y composicional de la Formación Guacacallo al SW del Huila (Colombia)
dc.contributor.advisor | Osorio Ocampo, Susana | |
dc.contributor.advisor | Murcia, Hugo | |
dc.contributor.advisor | Monsalve, María Luisa | |
dc.contributor.author | Alvarez-Silva, Juan David | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2022-12-14T19:34:51Z | |
dc.date.available | 2022-12-14T19:34:51Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2022-12-14 | |
dc.identifier.uri | https://repositorio.ucaldas.edu.co/handle/ucaldas/18217 | |
dc.description | Ilustraciones, gráficas, mapas | spa |
dc.description.abstract | spa:Con una extensión aproximada de 1000 km2 —entre los municipios de San Agustín y La Plata— y espesores de hasta 230 m, la Formación Guacacallo es uno de los registros más extensos y mejor conservados de actividad volcánica tipo caldera del Plio-Pleistoceno en el SW colombiano. A partir de la construcción de siete columnas estratigráficas (secciones I – VII) levantadas entre los municipios de San Agustín y La Argentina (Huila), el análisis de 11 secciones delgadas y nueve análisis químicos, se encontró que las secciones I (29 m), II (161 m) y VI (56 m) tienen litofacies masivas no soldadas, con algunas ricas en fragmentos de pómez. En las secciones III (32 m), IV (237 m), V (185 m) y VII (111 m) el depósito se caracteriza por tener una zona soldada de litofacies eutaxíticas hacia la base y otra no soldada hacia la parte superior. Al microscopio, las litofacies soldadas del depósito tienen textura eutaxítica y los fragmentos juveniles (i.e. trizas vítreas y fragmentos de pómez) tienen diferentes grados de aplastamiento y están completamente desvitrificados. En las litofacies no soldadas, las trizas vítreas se disponen de forma aleatoria y no están deformadas ni desvitrificadas. Los análisis químicos indican una composición riolítica, alta en potasio, de afinidad calcoalcalina. Con base en esto, se determinó que la Formación Guacacallo corresponde a una ignimbrita de composición riolítica, con espesores entre 29 y 230 m, constituida por fragmentos de pómez y líticos, embebidos en una matriz compuesta por trizas vítreas y cristales de plagioclasa, cuarzo y biotita. Este depósito representa probablemente una única unidad de flujo, compuesta por una zona soldada hacia la base y otra no soldada en la parte superior, ambas, descritas por una asociación litofacial compuesta por al menos 12 litofacies. La ignimbrita de la Formación Guacacallo se habría formado por la depositación de una CDP sostenida, con altos flujos de masa, generada por una erupción de gran magnitud junto con la Formación Popayán, ubicada al E de la Cordillera Central. En conjunto, los depósitos de ambas formaciones, constituirían la misma unidad estratigráfica y se podrían clasificar como ignimbritas grandes asociadas a la formación de calderas, en este caso a la de Paletará. | spa |
dc.description.abstract | eng:With an approximate extension of 1000 km2 —between the municipalities of San Agustín and La Plata— and thicknesses of up to 230 m, the Guacacallo Formation is one of the most extensive and best preserved records of Plio-Pleistocene caldera-type volcanic activity in the SW Colombian. From the construction of seven stratigraphic columns (sections I - VII) raised between the municipalities of San Agustín and La Argentina (Huila), the analysis of 11 thin sections and nine chemical analyses, it was found that sections I (29 m) , II (161 m) and VI (56 m) have massive unwelded lithofacies, with some rich in pumice fragments. In sections III (32 m), IV (237 m), V (185 m) and VII (111 m), the deposit is characterized by having a welded zone of eutaxitic lithofacies towards the base and another non-welded zone towards the top. Microscopically, the welded lithofacies of the deposit have a eutaxitic texture and the juvenile fragments (i.e. glassy shreds and pumice fragments) have different degrees of crushing and are completely devitrified. In unwelded lithofacies, the vitreous chips are randomly arranged and are not deformed or devitrified. Chemical analyzes indicate a rhyolitic composition, high in potassium, with calc-alkaline affinity. Based on this, it was determined that the Guacacallo Formation corresponds to an ignimbrite of rhyolitic composition, with thicknesses between 29 and 230 m, made up of pumice and lithic fragments, embedded in a matrix composed of vitreous fragments and plagioclase crystals, quartz and biotite. This deposit probably represents a single flow unit, composed of a welded zone towards the base and another non-welded zone at the top, both described by a lithofacial association composed of at least 12 lithofacies. The ignimbrite of the Guacacallo Formation would have been formed by the deposition of a sustained CDP, with high mass flows, generated by a large-magnitude eruption together with the Popayán Formation, located to the E of the Central Cordillera. As a whole, the deposits of both formations would constitute the same stratigraphic unit and could be classified as large ignimbrites associated with the formation of calderas, in this case that of Paletará. | eng |
dc.description.tableofcontents | Resumen 1. Introducción / 1.1. Objetivos/ 1.1.1. Objetivo general/ 1.1.2. Objetivos específicos/ 2. Marco geológico y estructural / 2.1 Geología local / 2.1.1. Paleozoico/ 2.1.2. Mesozoico/ 2.1.3. Cenozoico / 3. Marco Teórico/3.1. Descripción litofacial de las ignimbritas en campo /3.2. Soldamiento de las ignimbritas/ 3.3. Clasificación y tipos de ignimbrita / 3.4. Corrientes de Densidad Piroclástica (CDPs) / 3.5. Sedimentación y depositación de las ignimbritas/ 3.5.1 Zona límite de flujo/ 4. Metodología / 4.1. Revisión bibliográfica/ 4.2. Trabajo de campo/ 4.3. Trabajo de laboratorio/ 4.4. Trabajo de oficina / 5. Resultados/ 5.1. Estratigrafía/ 5.1.1. Sección I: Tres Chorros / 5.1.2. Sección II: Junín–Isnos/ 5.1.3. Sección III: Cámbulos–Isnos/ 5.1.4. Sección IV: Salto de Bordones/ 5.1.5. Sección V: Laguna–Bordones/ 5.1.6. Sección VI: Guacacallo/ 5.1.7. Sección VII: La Argentina / 5.2. Petrografía./ 5.2.1. Sección II: Junín–Isnos / 5.2.2. Sección III: Cámbulos–Isnos / 5.2.3. Sección IV: Salto de Bordones/ 5.2.4. Sección V: Laguna–Bordones/ 5.2.5. Sección VI: Guacacallo/ 5.2.6. Sección VII: La Argentina/ 5.3. Química de roca total/ 5.3.1. Elementos mayores/ 5.3.2. Elementos traza/ 6. Discusión/ 6.1. Interpretación de las litofacies/ 6.2. Petrografía/ 6.2.1. Grado de soldamiento / 6.3. Origen de la Formación Guacacallo / 6.4. Correlación de la Formación Guacacallo con la Formación Popayán/ 7. Conclusiones./ Anexos / Bibliografía . | spa |
dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | spa |
dc.language.iso | eng | spa |
dc.language.iso | spa | spa |
dc.title | Análisis litofacial y composicional de la Formación Guacacallo al SW del Huila (Colombia) | spa |
dc.type | Trabajo de grado - Pregrado | spa |
dc.description.degreelevel | Universitario | spa |
dc.identifier.instname | Universidad de Caldas | spa |
dc.identifier.reponame | Repositorio Universidad de Caldas | spa |
dc.identifier.repourl | https://repositorio.ucaldas.edu.co/mydspace | spa |
dc.publisher.faculty | Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales | spa |
dc.publisher.place | Manizales | spa |
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dc.rights.accessrights | info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess | spa |
dc.rights.accessrights | info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess | spa |
dc.rights.accessrights | info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess | spa |
dc.rights.accessrights | info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess | spa |
dc.subject.lemb | Estratigrafía | |
dc.subject.lemb | Volcanes | |
dc.subject.lemb | Geodinámica | |
dc.subject.proposal | Ignimbrita | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Litofacies | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Corrientes de densidad piroclástica (CDPs) | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Guacacallo | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Erupción | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Caldera | spa |
dc.type.coar | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f | spa |
dc.type.content | Text | spa |
dc.type.driver | info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis | spa |
dc.type.redcol | https://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TP | spa |
dc.type.version | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion | spa |
oaire.version | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa | spa |
oaire.accessrights | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cb | spa |
dc.description.degreename | Geólogo(a) | spa |
dc.publisher.program | Geología | spa |
dc.description.researchgroup | Vulcanología | spa |
dc.description.researchgroup | Estratigrafía | spa |
dc.description.researchgroup | Sedimentología | spa |
dc.description.researchgroup | Petrografía | spa |
dc.rights.coar | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cb | spa |
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