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dc.contributor.advisorMontoya Estrada, Claudia Nohemy
dc.contributor.advisorCastro-Ríos, Katherin
dc.contributor.authorAguirre Ortega, Dorian Emily
dc.date.accessioned2022-11-23T16:56:30Z
dc.date.available2024-11-30
dc.date.available2022-11-23T16:56:30Z
dc.date.issued2022-11-18
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.ucaldas.edu.co/handle/ucaldas/18186
dc.descriptionIlustraciones, fotos, gráficosspa
dc.description.abstractspa:El Cannabis medicinal es una apuesta nacional agropecuaria, soportada en la alta demanda de este producto a nivel mundial; que busca una gran transformación social y económica en Colombia. Cannabis sativa, está habitada por una gran cantidad de microorganismos que pueden clasificarse como patógenos o no patógenos; muchos de ellos pueden ser un riesgo para los consumidores finales, principalmente por la posibilidad de producir metabolitos secundarios como las micotoxinas. Por lo anterior esta investigación tuvo como objetivos: identificar por métodos convencionales y moleculares, la diversidad de hongos presentes en inflorescencias de dos genotipos F8IP y F3IP de cannabis medicinal (Cannabis sativa L.) durante el almacenamiento en postcosecha; determinar la metataxonomía y realizar una prospectiva de riesgo en la formación de micotoxinas. Para esto, se realizó un aislamiento de los agentes fungosos presentes mediante la siembra de las inflorescencias en agar PDA, previa la desinfestación de los botones florales, posteriormente se incubaron a 21 a 24 o C durante 10 días y se realizó la identificación de manera convencional con claves taxonómicas e identificación molecular usando cebadores para la región espaciadora transcrita interna (ITS) del ADN ribosómico, y diferentes genes codificantes. Para determinar la metataxonomía de la flor de cannabis durante cosecha y poscosecha se evaluaron dos genotipos (F8IP y F3IP), se realizó extracción del ADN fúngico, se amplificó la región ITS y posteriormente se secuenció. Para caracterizar la diversidad de especies se realizó un análisis de diversidad alfa y la diversidad beta. Finalmente, para determinar el riesgo en la formación de micotoxinas se secuenció el genoma de Aspergillus westerdijkiae mediante la plataforma Illumina Novaseq (Corea del Sur), y se realizó la búsqueda de los clusters de genes asociados con la producción de metabolitos secundarios, con la herramienta antiSMASH, versión fúngica, y la curación manual para los genes asociados con toxinas. En total se identificaron 6 géneros de hongos, algunos de gran importancia por su producción de micotoxinas como Aspergillus westerdijkiae, y Fusarium equiseti, el cual se presentó siempre en mayor incidencia, correspondiente a un 46 % para el genotipo F8IP y del 60 % para el genotipo F3IP. La etapa postcosecha no mostró diferencias significativas en la riqueza y abundancia de especies con respecto a la etapa de cosecha, encontrando una población constante en las dos fases. Se identificaron un total de 52 géneros de hongos, dentro de los de mayor abundancia relativa, estuvieron los géneros Diaporthe sp., Alternaria sp., Cladosporium sp., Golovinomyces sp., Paramycosphaerella sp., resaltando la mayor abundancia del género Diaporthe sp. Finalmente en el genoma de Aspergillus westerdijkiae, se identificaron regiones donde se encuentra el clúster de genes directamente involucrados en la biosíntesis de OTA (otaA, otaB, otaC, y otaR y otaD), lo cual sugiere un potencial riesgo de síntesis de esta toxina. Aunque no signifique una síntesis real, genera preocupación, ya que OTA se caracteriza por sus propiedades tóxicas, teratogénica, inmunogénica, hepatotóxica y carcinógena.spa
dc.description.abstracteng:Medicinal Cannabis is a national agricultural commitment, supported by the high demand for this product worldwide; who seeks a great social and economic transformation in Colombia. Cannabis sativa, is inhabited by a large number of microorganisms that can be classified as pathogenic or non-pathogenic; many of them can be a risk for final consumers, mainly due to the possibility of producing secondary metabolites such as mycotoxins. Therefore, this research had as objectives: to identify by conventional and molecular methods, the diversity of fungi present in inflorescences of two genotypes F8IP and F3IP of medicinal cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) during postharvest storage; determine the metataxonomy and carry out a risk prospective in the formation of mycotoxins. For this, an isolation of the fungal agents present was carried out by sowing the inflorescences in PDA agar, prior to the disinfestation of the flower buds, later they were incubated at 21 to 24 o C for 10 days and the identification was carried out in a conventional manner. with taxonomic keys and molecular identification using primers for the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA, and different coding genes. To determine the metataxonomy of the cannabis flower during harvest and postharvest, two genotypes (F8IP and F3IP) were evaluated, fungal DNA extraction was performed, the ITS region was amplified and subsequently sequenced.eng
dc.description.tableofcontentsResumen / Introducción / Marco Teórico / Generalidades de Cannabis sativa L. / Marco normativo para el Cannabis medicinal en Colombia / Microorganismos Presentes en Cannabis y Micotoxinas / Ocratoxina A / Técnicas de Identificación de Hongos / Métodos Tradicionales / Métodos de Identificación Molecular / Objetivos / Objetivo General / Objetivos Específicos / Materiales y Métodos / Caracterización Taxonómica y Molecular de los Hongos Presentes en Inflorescencias de Cannabis Medicinal / Material vegetal, genotipos y época de cosecha / Aislamiento de Hongos Presentes en las Muestras / Identificación Taxonómica de Hongos Presentes en las Muestras / Identificación Molecular / Incidencia de Hongos Presentes en las Inflorescencias de Cannabis / Análisis Estadístico / Metataxonomía de la flor de cannabis medicinal (Cannabis sativa) durante cosecha y poscosecha / Muestreo de Plantas / Amplificación de PCR, preparación para secuenciación y librerías / Procesamiento de datos e identificación de diversidad / Análisis estadístico / Análisis de Riesgo en La Formación de Ocratoxinas en Cannabis medicinal durante el Almacenamiento en Poscosecha / Cepa fúngica y condiciones de cultivo / Extracción de ácido nucleico / Secuenciación y librerías / Procesamiento de datos y ensamblaje / Análisis filogenético / Análisis de genes asociados de Aspergillus con la producción de Ocratoxinas / Resultados y Discusión / Caracterización Taxonómica y Molecular de los Hongos Presentes en Cannabis Medicinal / Aislamiento e Identificación Taxonómica de Hongos Presentes en las Muestras / Alternaria gossypina / Aspergillus westerdijkiae / Cladosporium sp. / Curvularia sp. / Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti (FIESC) / Penicillium citrinum / Identificación Molecular / Incidencia de Hongos Presentes en las Inflorescencias de Cannabis / Nota. Incidencia de Hongos Presentes en las Inflorescencias de Cannabis / Metataxonomía de la flor de cannabis medicinal (Cannabis sativa) durante cosecha y poscosecha / Secuenciación y Bioinformática / Índices de Diversidad / Clasificación taxonómica / Análisis de riesgo en la formación de Ocratoxinas en Cannabis / Cepa fúngica y condiciones de secuenciamiento / Análisis de genes asociados de Aspergillus westerdijkiae con la producción de Ocratoxinas / Conclusiones / Recomendaciones / Apéndices / Bibliografíaspa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.language.isoengspa
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.titleAnálisis metataxonómico de la comunidad de hongos asociados con poscosecha en cannabis medicinal y prospectiva de riesgo en la formación de micotoxinasspa
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestríaspa
dc.description.degreelevelMaestríaspa
dc.description.notesNo autorizo la publicación de la tesis, por que tengo pendiente la publicación de tres artículosspa
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad de Caldasspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad de Caldasspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.ucaldas.edu.co/spa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ciencias Agropecuariasspa
dc.publisher.placeManizalesspa
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dc.subject.proposalCannabis sativaspa
dc.subject.proposalMarihuanaeng
dc.subject.proposalMetataxonomiaspa
dc.subject.unescoAgricultura
dc.subject.unescoHongo
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dc.description.degreenameMagister en Fitopatologíaspa
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