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Heart rate variability, Lactate and IL-6 and their relationship to functional threshold power in competitive cyclists

dc.contributor.advisorDuque Vera, Iván Leonardo
dc.contributor.authorPorras Alvarez, Javier
dc.date.accessioned2022-11-23T12:57:15Z
dc.date.available2022-11-23T12:57:15Z
dc.date.issued2022-11-22
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.ucaldas.edu.co/handle/ucaldas/18185
dc.descriptionIlustraciones, fotosspa
dc.description.abstractspa:Objetivo. Establecer la relación entre la Variabilidad de la Frecuencia Cardiaca, lactatemia e IL-6 con el rendimiento físico obtenido en el Umbral de Potencia Funcional en ciclistas de nivel competitivo. Materiales y Métodos. Participaron 29 ciclistas hombres de nivel competitivo con valores promedio de edad de 22.2 ± 3.7 años, peso corporal de 60.0 ± 5.9 kg, estatura de 1.7 ± 0.5 m, experiencia en ciclismo de 6.5 ± 3.7 años. Todos pasaron con éxito un examen médico-deportivo para establecer el estado de salud previo a la prueba y firmaron el consentimiento informado. El test para determinar el umbral de potencia funcional (UPF) se realizó mediante una prueba contrarreloj de 20 minutos (P20), utilizando el ergómetro Tacx Vortex® y la bicicleta de propiedad de cada ciclista. Interleucinas: Se evaluaron TNF-α e IL-6, para lo cual se obtuvo una muestra de sangre de 5mL antes y 15 minutos post-P20. Las muestras de plasma fueron conservadas a una temperatura de -70 °C hasta su análisis y luego se descongelaron para el procesamiento mediante citometría de flujo (xMAP, Luminex corporation, US). Lactatemia: La evaluación del lactato se realizó antes, inmediatamente finalizó P20 y tres minutos después de P20 utilizando el lactímetro Lactate Scout®. Variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca: Esta se evaluó en reposo, reactividad parasimpática y recuperación post-P20. El registro de datos se realizó latido a latido cardiaco, analizado en parámetros lineales y no lineales. Análisis Estadístico: Inicialmente se realizó prueba de normalidad (Kolmogorov-Smirnov). La significancia se estableció mediante test t (de Student) o U de Mann-Withney, según correspondió. Para determinar la existencia de relación entre lactatemia, IL-6 y variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca con el rendimiento físico del umbral de potencia funcional se utilizó prueba estadística de regresión lineal. Las diferencias se consideraron significativas cuando p < 0.05. Resultados. El rendimiento físico determinado por el perfil de potencia o potencia media máxima relativa UPF20.95%W.kg-1, fue de 4.3± 0.4, correspondiente a la categoría de clasificación “muy buena”. El valor de la concentración de TNF-α e IL-6 no presentó diferencia significativa entre los momentos pre-P20 y 15 minutos post-P20. No existió relación entre IL-6 y el rendimiento físico del UPF20.95%W.kg-1 o la respuesta autonómica cardiovascular. El valor promedio de lactatemia pre-P20 fue 2.2±0.7 mmol/L-1. Post-P20 fue de 11.9±2.8 mmol/L-1, tres minutos post-P20 fue 11.8±2.8 mmol/L-1 y la remoción de lactato fue de 0.86±2.44. Existió relación significativa positiva entre la concentración de lactato post-P20 con el rendimiento físico UPF20.95%W.kg-1. No existió relación significativa entre remoción de lactato post-P20 con rendimiento físico, p < 0.05. Se demostró una relación positiva en reposo entre la actividad parasimpática en los parámetros: SDNN (ms), LRMSSD (ms), SD1 (ms), PNS index, HF (ms2) FFT, Total power (ms2) FFT, HF (ms2) AR, HF (%) AR, HF (n.u.) AR y Total power (ms2) AR con el UPF20W.kg-1, todos p < 0.000. Por su parte, la actividad simpática (SNS index) en reposo mostró una relación negativa con el perfil de potencia UPF2095%W.kg-1. Conclusiones. Los ciclistas con mayor AcPa en reposo presentaron tanto mayor UPF20.95%W como UPF20.95%W.kg-1. Lo cual, muestra que AcPa es un parámetro para predecir el rendimiento físico de acuerdo con el UPF en ciclistas de nivel competitivo. Adicionalmente, el índice AcPa plantea un escenario para una posible identificación de predisposición genética a los deportes de resistencia de larga duración, porque un alto tono vagal cardiaco es importante para conferir mayor tolerancia a la intensidad del entrenamiento, esencial para lograr un superior rendimiento fisco. Los ciclistas con mayor UPF20.95%W y UPF20.95%W.kg-1 presentaron tanto una mayor reactividad parasimpática como una mayor recuperación de AcPa, así como una relación significativa negativa con el índice AcSi. Los índices AcPa y AcSi se convierten en una alternativa a la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria máxima y lactatemia para identificar la adaptación a la intensidad del entrenamiento, presencia de fatiga post- entrenamiento o post-competición y monitorear el rendimiento físico en ciclistas de nivel competitivo. Además, el índice AcPa es mejor indicador que el LRMSSD o las HF ya sea por la FFT o AR en reactividad parasimpática y recuperación de forma activa. P20 es una prueba alternativa a P60, su realización involucra principalmente el metabolismo glucolítico, no induce la producción significativa de IL-6, tampoco induce la producción significativa de TNF-α 15 minutos post-P20, indicando que es una prueba que se puede realizar indistintamente en cualquier periodo de entrenamiento, dentro de la preparación anual de un ciclista de ruta.spa
dc.description.abstracteng:Objective: To establish the relationship between Heart Rate Variability (HRV), lactatemia and IL-6 with the physical performance obtained in the Functional Threshold Power (FTP) in competitive level cyclists. Methods:In this study 29 male cyclists competitive level participated. The data are presented in mean and standard deviation, with an age of 22.2±3.7 years, body weight of 60±5.9 kg, height of 1.7±0.5 m and old experience in cycling training 6.5±3.7 years. All successfully passed a sports-medical examination to establish their health status prior to the test and signed the informed consent. Protocols and procedures. The test to determine the FTP was carried out using a 20-min time trial (P20), using a Tacx Vortex® cycle ergometer and a bicycle owned by each cyclist. 20-min time trial Interleukin. TNF-α and IL-6 were evaluated, for which a 5mL blood sample was obtained before and 15 min post-P20. The blood plasma samples were stored at a temperature of -70 °C until analysis and then thawed for processing by flow cytometry (xMAP, Luminex corporation, US). Lactate. Evaluation was carried before, immediately ended P20 and 3 minutes after P20, using lactate scout. HRV. It was evaluated before, parasympathetic reactivity and recuperation with spontaneous breathing after P20. The data was recorded from beat to beat, analyzed in the time domain, frequency and non-linear parameters. Statistical analysis. Initially, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test was performed. Significance was established using the Student's t test when the data were distributed in a normal way, otherwise the nonparametric Mann-Withney U test was used. To determine the existence of a relationship between HRV, lactatemia, cytokines and physical performance at the FTP, the linear regression statistical test was used. Differences were considered significant when p value <0.05. Results. The physical performance in the FTP20.95%W.kg-1 was 4.3±0.4, to the "very good" classification category corresponds. Interleukin. The value of the TNF-α and IL-6 did not present a significant difference between the pre-P20 and post-P20 moments. There is no relationship between IL-6 and FTP20.95%W.kg-1 physical performance or the HRV. Lactate. The pre-P20 concentration was 2.2±0.7 mmol/L-1, immediately ended P20 was 11.9±2.8 mmol/L-1, at 3-minute post-P20 it was 11.8±2.8 mmol/L-1 and lactate turnover pos-P20 was 0.86 ± 0.44 mmol/L-1. There was a significant positive relationship between post-P20 lactate concentration with FTP20.95%W.kg-1 physical performance. There was no significant relationship between Lactate removal-P20 with physical performance, p < 0.05. HRV. There was a positive relationship at rest with spontaneous respiration between parasympathetic activity (SDNN (ms), LRMSSD (ms), SD1 (ms), PNS index, HF (ms2) FFT, Total power (ms2) FFT, HF (ms2) AR, HF (%) AR, HF (nu) AR, Total power (ms2) AR), with the physical performance obtained in UPF20.95%W.kg-1, all p, <0.000. On the other hand, the sympathetic activity (SNS index) showed a negative relationship with FTP20.95%W.kg-1 physical performance. Conclusions. Cyclists with higher resting PNS index presented higher FTP20.95%W and FTP20.95%W.kg-1. This shows that PNS index is a parameter to predict physical performance according to UPF in competitive cyclists. Additionally, the PNS index poses a scenario for a possible identification of genetic predisposition to long endurance sports, because a high cardiac vagal tone is important to confer greater tolerance to training intensity, essential to achieve superior physical performance. Cyclists with higher FTP20.95%W and FTP20.95%W.kg-1 presented both higher parasympathetic reactivity and higher PNS index recovery, as well as a significant negative relationship with the SNS index. PNS and SNS index become an alternative to maximal cardiorespiratory capacity and lactate to identify adaptation to training intensity, presence of post-training or post-competition fatigue and monitor physical performance in competitive level cyclists. In addition, PNS index is a better indicator than LRMSSD or HF by either FFT or AR. P20 is an alternative test to P60, its performance involves mainly glycolysis metabolism, it does not induce significant IL-6 production, nor does it induce significant TNF-α production 15 minutes post-P20, indicating that it is a test that can be performed indistinctly in any training period, within the annual preparation of a road cyclist.eng
dc.description.tableofcontentsIntroducción / 1.1. Descripción del Problema / 1.2. Formulación del Problema / 1.3. Objetivos de la Investigación / 1.3.1. Objetivo General / 1.3.2. Objetivos Específicos / 1.4. Hipótesis de la investigación / 2. Capítulo II: Marco Teórico y de Referencia / 2.1. Rendimiento Físico y Rendimiento Deportivo / 2.2. Potencia Media Máxima (PMmax) / 2.2.1. Contrarreloj de 20 minutos (P20) / 2.2.2. Umbral de Potencia Funcional (UPF) / 2.2.4. UPF20.95%W.kg-1 / 2.3. Interleucinas (IL) / 2.3.1. TNF-α / 2.3.2. IL-6 / 2.4. Lactatemia / 2.5. Variabilidad de la Frecuencia Cardiaca (VFC ) / 2.5.1. VFC en Reposo y Durante el Ejercicio / 2.5.2. VFC en la Reactividad Parasimpática y Recuperación / 2.5.3. Evaluación de VFC / 2.5.3.1. Método Dominio Tiempo / 2.5.3.2. Índice AcPa (PNS index) / 2.5.3.3. Índice AcSi (SNS index) / . 2.5.3.4. Método Dominio Frecuencia / 2.5.3.5. Método no Lineal / . 7 3. Capítulo III. Marco Metodológico / 3.1. Enfoque o Paradigma de Investigación / 3.1.1. Tipo de Estudio / 3.2. Población Universo / 3.2.1. Muestra / 3.3. Aspectos Éticos de la Investigación / 3.4. Protocolos y Procedimientos / 3.5. Umbral de Potencia Funcional (UPF) / 3.6. Determinación y Cuantificación de Interleucinas / 3.7. Lactatemia / 3.8. Evaluación de la Variabilidad de la Frecuencia Cardíaca / 3.9. Análisis Estadístico / 3.9.1. Regresión Lineal Simple / 4. Capítulo IV. Resultados / 4.1. Valores del Umbral de Potencia Funcional / 4.2. Valores de Interleucinas Antes y Después de P20 / 4.3. Valores de Lactato / 4.4. VFC en Reposo, Reactividad Parasimpática y Recuperación / 4.5. Relación Interleucinas con UPF20.95%W.kg-1 y VFC / 4.6. Relación Lactatemia con UPF20.95%W y UPF20.95%W.kg-1 / 4.6.1. Relación Remoción Lactato-3min y Reactividad Parasimpática-3min / 4.7. Relación AcPa en reposo con UPF20.95%W y UPF20.95%W.kg-1 / 4.8. Relación AcSi en reposo con UPF20.95%W y UPF20.95%W.kg-1 / UPF20.95%W.kg-1 / 4.8.1. Índice AcPa y UPF20.95%W.kg-1 / 4.8.2. Índice AcSi y UPF20.95%W.kg-1 / 8 4.8.3. Relación Reactividad Parasimpática y Recuperación AcPa y AcSi con el UPF20.95%W.kg-1 / 5. Capítulo V. Discusión y Conclusión / 5.1. Umbral de Potencia Funcional / 5.2. Relación IL-6 con el UPF20.95%W.kg-1 / 5.3. Relación Lactatemia con UPF20.95%W.kg-1 y con AcPa / 5.3.1. AcPa en Reposo y Relación con el UPF20.95%W.kg-1 / 5.3.2. Relación Reactividad Parasimpática y AcPa en la Recuperación con el UPF20.95%W.kg-1 / 5.4. Conclusiones / 6. Perspectivas, Recomendaciones y Limitaciones / Referencias / Anexosspa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.language.isoengspa
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.titleVariabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca, Lactatemia e IL-6 y su relación con el umbral de potencia funcional en ciclistas de competiciónspa
dc.titleHeart rate variability, Lactate and IL-6 and their relationship to functional threshold power in competitive cyclistseng
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Doctoradospa
dc.contributor.researchgroupBioimpedancia eléctrica (Categoría A)spa
dc.description.degreelevelDoctoradospa
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad de Caldasspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad de Caldasspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.ucaldas.edu.co/spa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ciencias para la Saludspa
dc.publisher.placeManizalesspa
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dc.subject.proposalAtletasspa
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dc.subject.proposalSistema nervioso parasimpáticospa
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dc.subject.proposalAutonomic nervous systemeng
dc.subject.proposalCytokineseng
dc.subject.proposalInterleukinsspa
dc.subject.proposalParasympathetic nervous systemeng
dc.subject.unescoDeporte
dc.subject.unescoMedicina deportiva
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